Influencia de la historia de tabaquismo en la evolución de la hospitalización en pacientes COVID-19 positivos: datos del registro SEMI-COVID-19 / Influence of smoking history on the evolution of hospitalized in COVID-19 positive patients: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry

Introducción: El tabaquismo puede tener un papel importante en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y en el curso de la enfermedad. Los estudios previos muestran resultados contradictorios o no concluyentes sobre la prevalencia de fumar y la severidad en la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19).Material y métodosEstudio de cohortes observacional, multicéntrico y retrospectivo de 14.260 pacientes que ingresaron por COVID-19 en hospitales españoles desde febrero hasta septiembre de 2020. Se registraron sus características clínicas y se clasificaron en el grupo con tabaquismo si tabaquismo activo o previo, o en el grupo sin tabaquismo si nunca habían fumado. Se realizó un seguimiento hasta un mes después del alta. Se analizaron las diferencias entre grupos. La relación entre tabaquismo y mortalidad intrahospitalaria se valoró mediante una regresión logística multivariante y curvas de Kapplan Meier.ResultadosLa mediana de edad fue 68,6 (55,8-79,1) años, con un 57,7% de varones. El grupo con tabaquismo presentó mayor edad (69,9 [59,6-78,0 años]), predominio masculino (80,3%) y mayor índice de Charlson (4 [2-6]). La evolución fue peor en estos pacientes, con una mayor tasa de ingreso en UCI (10,4 vs. 8,1%), mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria (22,5 vs. 16,4%) y reingreso al mes (5,8 vs. 4,0%) que el grupo sin tabaquismo. Tras el análisis multivariante, el tabaquismo permanecía asociado a estos eventos.ConclusionesEl tabaquismo de forma activa o pasada es un factor predictor independiente de mal pronóstico en los pacientes con COVID-19, estando asociado a mayor probabilidad de ingreso en UCI y a mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria. (AU)

Introduction: Smoking can play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the course of the disease. Previous studies have conflicting or inconclusive results on the prevalence of smoking and the severity of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).MethodsObservational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 14,260 patients admitted for COVID-19 in Spanish hospitals between February and September 2020. Their clinical characteristics were recorded and the patients were classified into a smoking group (active or former smokers) or a non-smoking group (never smokers). The patients were followed up to one month after discharge. Differences between groups were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression and Kapplan Meier curves analyzed the relationship between smoking and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe median age was 68.6 (55.8-79.1) years, with 57.7% of males. Smoking patients were older (69.9 [59.6-78.0 years]), more frequently male (80.3%) and with higher Charlson index (4 [2-6]) than non-smoking patients. Smoking patients presented a worse evolution, with a higher rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (10.4 vs 8.1%), higher in-hospital mortality (22.5 vs. 16.4%) and readmission at one month (5.8 vs. 4.0%) than in non-smoking patients. After multivariate analysis, smoking remained associated with these events.ConclusionsActive or past smoking is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. It is associated with higher ICU admissions and in-hospital mortality. (AU)

Influence of smoking history on the evolution of hospitalized in COVID-19 positive patients: Results from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry.

Introduction: Smoking can play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the course of the disease. Previous studies have conflicting or inconclusive results on the prevalence of smoking and the severity of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: Observational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 14,260 patients admitted for COVID-19 in Spanish hospitals between February and September 2020. Their clinical characteristics were recorded and the patients were classified into a smoking group (active or former smokers) or a non-smoking group (never smokers). The patients were followed up to one month after discharge. Differences between groups were analysed. A multivariate logistic regression and Kapplan Meier curves analysed the relationship between smoking and in-hospital mortality. Results: The median age was 68.6 (55.8-79.1) years, with 57.7% of males. Smoking patients were older (69.9 (59.6-78.0 years)), more frequently male (80.3%) and with higher Charlson index (4 (2-6)) than non-smoking patients. Smoking patients presented a worse evolution, with a higher rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (10.4 vs. 8.1%), higher in-hospital mortality (22.5 vs. 16.4%) and readmission at one month (5.8 vs. 4.0%) than in non-smoking patients. After multivariate analysis, smoking remained associated with these events. Conclusions: Active or past smoking is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. It is associated with higher ICU admissions and in-hospital mortality.

Introducción: El tabaquismo puede tener un papel importante en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y en el curso de la enfermedad. Los estudios previos muestran resultados contradictorios o no concluyentes sobre la prevalencia de fumar y la severidad en la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes observacional, multicéntrico y retrospectivo de 14.260 pacientes que ingresaron por COVID-19 en hospitales españoles desde febrero a septiembre de 2020. Se registraron sus características clínicas y se clasificaron en el grupo con tabaquismo si tabaquismo activo o previo o en el grupo sin tabaquismo si nunca habían fumado. Se realizó un seguimiento hasta un mes después del alta. Se analizaron las diferencias entre grupos. La relación entre tabaquismo y mortalidad intrahospitalaria se valoró mediante una regresión logística multivariante y curvas de Kapplan Meier. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 68,6 (55,8­79,1) años, con un 57,7% de varones. El grupo con tabaquismo presentó mayor edad (69,9 (59,6­78,0 años)), predominio masculino (80,3%) y mayor índice de Charlson (4 (2−6)). La evolución fue peor en estos pacientes, con una mayor tasa de ingreso en UCI (10,4 vs 8,1%), mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria (22,5 vs 16,4%) y reingreso al mes (5,8 vs 4,0%) que el grupo sin tabaquismo. Tras el análisis multivariante, el tabaquismo permanecía asociado a estos eventos. Conclusiones: El tabaquismo de forma activa o pasada es un factor predictor independiente de mal pronóstico en los pacientes con COVID-19, estando asociada a mayor probabilidad de ingreso en UCI y a mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria.

Causas de muerte en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios de medicina interna por insuficiencia cardíaca según la fracción de eyección. Registro RICA / Causes of death in hospitalized patients in internal medicine departments with heart failure according to ejection fraction. RICA registry

IntroducciónLos datos disponibles de las causas de muerte en pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardíaca en servicios de medicina interna y en población española según fracción de eyección reducida (FER), preservada (FEP) e intermedia (FEI) son escasos. Su estudio puede mejorar el conocimiento de estos pacientes y su pronóstico.MétodosEstudio de cohortes multicéntrico y prospectivo de 4.144 pacientes que ingresaron por insuficiencia cardíaca en unidades de medicina interna. Se registraron sus características clínicas, tasa de fallecimientos y sus causas agrupadas según FEP (≥ 50%), FEI (40-49%) y FER (<40%) durante una mediana de seguimiento de un año.ResultadosSe registraron 1.198 fallecimientos (29%), de los que 833 fallecieron por causas cardiovasculares (69,5%), fundamentalmente por insuficiencia cardíaca (50%) y por muerte súbita (7,5%) y 365 por causas no cardiovasculares (NoCV) (30,5%), sobre todo por infecciones (13%). La causa más frecuente y temprana en todos los grupos fue la insuficiencia cardíaca. Los pacientes con FEP tenían menor tasa de muerte súbita y mayor de infecciones (p <0,05). Las causas de muerte en FEI fueron más parecidas a las de FEP.ConclusionesLas causas de muerte en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca fueron diferentes dependiendo del tipo de fracción de eyección. Los pacientes con FEI y FEP, por su elevada comorbilidad y mayor frecuencia de muerte NoCV, son los que más se beneficiarían de un manejo integral por parte de medicina interna.

Clinical Features and Risk Factors for Mortality Among Long-term Care Facility Residents Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 in Spain.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 severely impacted older adults and long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. Our primary aim was to describe differences in clinical and epidemiological variables, in-hospital management, and outcomes between LTCF residents and community-dwelling older adults hospitalized with COVID-19. The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for mortality due to COVID-19 in hospitalized LTCF residents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis within a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients ≥75 years with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to 160 Spanish hospitals. Differences between groups and factors associated with mortality among LTCF residents were assessed through comparisons and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 6 189 patients ≥75 years, 1 185 (19.1%) were LTCF residents and 4 548 (73.5%) were community-dwelling. LTCF residents were older (median: 87.4 vs 82.1 years), mostly female (61.6% vs 43.2%), had more severe functional dependence (47.0% vs 7.8%), more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index: 6 vs 5), had dementia more often (59.1% vs 14.4%), and had shorter duration of symptoms (median: 3 vs 6 days) than community-dwelling patients (all, p < .001). Mortality risk factors in LTCF residents were severe functional dependence (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.83; p = .012), dyspnea (1.66; 1.16-2.39; p = .004), SatO2 < 94% (1.73; 1.27-2.37; p = .001), temperature ≥ 37.8°C (1.62; 1.11-2.38; p = .013); qSOFA index ≥ 2 (1.62; 1.11-2.38; p = .013), bilateral infiltrates (1.98; 1.24-2.98; p < .001), and high C-reactive protein (1.005; 1.003-1.007; p < .001). In-hospital mortality was initially higher among LTCF residents (43.3% vs 39.7%), but lower after adjusting for sex, age, functional dependence, and comorbidities (aOR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62-0.87; p < .001). CONCLUSION: Basal functional status and COVID-19 severity are risk factors of mortality in LTCF residents. The lower adjusted mortality rate in LTCF residents may be explained by earlier identification, treatment, and hospitalization for COVID-19.

Causes of death in hospitalized patients in internal medicine departments with heart failure according to ejection fraction. RICA registry. / Causas de muerte en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios de medicina interna por insuficiencia cardíaca según la fracción de eyección. Registro RICA.

INTRODUCTION: There are few data in the Spanish population about the causes of death in patients admitted to internal medicine departments for heart failure. Their study according to left ventricular ejection fraction (reduced: rEF, mid-range: mEF, and preserved: pEF) could improve the knowledge of patients and their prognosis. METHODS: Prospective multicentre cohort study of 4144 patients admitted with heart failure to internal medicine departments. Their clinical characteristics, mortality rate and causes were classified according to pEF (≥ 50%), mEF (40%-49%) and rEF (<40%). Patients were followed-up for a median of one year. RESULTS: There were 1198 deaths (29%). The cause of death was cardiovascular (CV) in 833 patients (69.5%), mainly heart failure (50%) and sudden cardiac death (7.5%). Non-cardiovascular (NoCV) causes were responsible for 365 deaths (30.5%). The most common NoCV causes were infections (13%). The most frequent and early cause in all groups was heart failure. Patients with pEF, compared to the other groups, had lower risk of sudden cardiac death and higher risk of infections (P <.05). The causes of death in patients with mrEF were closer to those with pEF. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of death in patients with heart failure were different depending on ejection fraction strata. Patients with mEF and pEF, due to their high comorbidity and higher frequency of NoCV death, would require comprehensive management by internal medicine.

Influence of smoking history on the evolution of hospitalized in COVID-19 positive patients: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry. / Influencia de la historia de tabaquismo en la evolución de la hospitalización en pacientes COVID-19 positivos: datos del registro SEMI-COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking can play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the course of the disease. Previous studies have conflicting or inconclusive results on the prevalence of smoking and the severity of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). METHODS: Observational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 14,260 patients admitted for COVID-19 in Spanish hospitals between February and September 2020. Their clinical characteristics were recorded and the patients were classified into a smoking group (active or former smokers) or a non-smoking group (never smokers). The patients were followed up to one month after discharge. Differences between groups were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression and Kapplan Meier curves analyzed the relationship between smoking and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The median age was 68.6 (55.8-79.1) years, with 57.7% of males. Smoking patients were older (69.9 [59.6-78.0 years]), more frequently male (80.3%) and with higher Charlson index (4 [2-6]) than non-smoking patients. Smoking patients presented a worse evolution, with a higher rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (10.4 vs 8.1%), higher in-hospital mortality (22.5 vs. 16.4%) and readmission at one month (5.8 vs. 4.0%) than in non-smoking patients. After multivariate analysis, smoking remained associated with these events. CONCLUSIONS: Active or past smoking is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. It is associated with higher ICU admissions and in-hospital mortality.

Admission hyperglycaemia as a predictor of mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 regardless of diabetes status: data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia has emerged as an important risk factor for death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between blood glucose (BG) levels and in-hospital mortality in non-critically patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS: This is a retrospective multi-centre study involving patients hospitalized in Spain. Patients were categorized into three groups according to admission BG levels: <140 mg/dL, 140-180 mg/dL and >180 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Of the 11,312 patients, only 2128 (18.9%) had diabetes and 2289 (20.4%) died during hospitalization. The in-hospital mortality rates were 15.7% (<140 mg/dL), 33.7% (140-180 mg) and 41.1% (>180 mg/dL), p<.001. The cumulative probability of mortality was significantly higher in patients with hyperglycaemia compared to patients with normoglycaemia (log rank, p<.001), independently of pre-existing diabetes. Hyperglycaemia (after adjusting for age, diabetes, hypertension and other confounding factors) was an independent risk factor of mortality (BG >180 mg/dL: HR 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-1.73) (BG 140-180 mg/dL; HR 1.48; 95%CI: 1.29-1.70). Hyperglycaemia was also associated with requirement for mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Admission hyperglycaemia is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in non-critically hospitalized COVID-19 patients regardless of prior history of diabetes. KEY MESSAGE Admission hyperglycaemia is a stronger and independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19. Screening for hyperglycaemia, in patients without diabetes, and early treatment of hyperglycaemia should be mandatory in the management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Admission hyperglycaemia should not be overlooked in all patients regardless prior history of diabetes.

Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.

It is unclear to which extent the higher mortality associated with hypertension in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is due to its increased prevalence among older patients or to specific mechanisms. Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective multicenter study, analyzing 12226 patients who required hospital admission in 150 Spanish centers included in the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Network. We compared the clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors. The mean age of the study population was 67.5 ± 16.1 years, 42.6% were women. Overall, 2630 (21.5%) subjects died. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (50.9%) followed by diabetes (19.1%), and atrial fibrillation (11.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1.5, p = 0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2.0 and 4.7, p = 0.0001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (second and third tertiles, OR: 4.7 and 8.1, p = 0.0001), hypertension was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality when this comorbidity was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR: 1.6, p = 0.002) or other than renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers (OR: 1.3, p = 0.001) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.2, p = 0.035). The preexisting condition of hypertension had an independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization. ARBs showed a lower risk of lethality in hypertensive patients than other antihypertensive drugs.

Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in patients admitted to internal medicine departments: Findings from the RICA Registry.

AIM: To improve the knowledge on characteristics, treatment and prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF) and mid-range ejection fraction discharged after an acute HF episode. METHODS: We prospectively included and followed 2753 patients admitted with HF to Internal Medicine units. Patients were classified according to ejection fraction (EF) into three strata: reduced, EF <40% (HFrEF); mid-range EF 40-49% (HFmrEF); and preserved EF ≥50% (HFpEF). Clinical, echocardiographic, laboratory data and treatment at discharge were recorded and the groups were compared. A multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the association of EF with outcomes in these three groups. RESULTS: A total of 10.2% of patients had HFmrEF. They were more likely to be men and to have a history of chronic kidney disease and higher levels of NT-proBNP than those with HFpEF. Compared to patients with HFrEF, these patients had less frequently ischaemic aetiology and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a higher proportion of atrial fibrillation and hypertension. In HFmrEF, the use of beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists and antiplatelet drugs was lower than in HFrEF, but the use of calcium channel blockers and anticoagulants was higher. There were no differences between groups in 30-day and 1-year readmission rates. However, patients with HFrEF had significantly higher 1-year mortality (28%) than patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (20% and 22%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics and treatment among patients with HF differ depending on EF strata. Prognosis of patients with HFmrEF is closer to that of HFpEF, being medium term survival better than in HFrEF.

Troponin T in acute heart failure: clinical implications and prognosis in the Spanish National Registry on Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: Elevated troponin in heart failure has been associated with worse prognosis, but there are differences in the design and results of published studies. Our objective was to determine the association of troponin T with mortality and readmissions in patients with acute heart failure in clinical practice conditions. METHODS: We included patients from the RICA registry who were hospitalized for acute heart failure. They were classified into 3 groups according to troponin T levels: normal, intermediate and high (<0.02, 0.02-0.049 and ≥ 0.05 ng/mL, respectively). Survival was studied by Kaplan-Meier curves and the association of variables was tested by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 406 patients was included. Average age was 76.9 (76.0-77.7) years. Hypertensive heart disease was the most common etiology. Left ventricular ejection fraction was <45% in 22.1% of the patients. The group with elevated troponin T had higher proportions of women, systolic dysfunction, renal failure and anemia, a lower body mass index and longer hospital stay. At one year, patients with elevated troponin T had higher mortality than patients with normal troponin (35.5 vs. 13.9%, p<0.001). The composite event (mortality and readmissions) was also more frequent (51.6 vs. 30.9%, p<0.001), but there were no differences in readmissions alone. Troponin T ≥ 0.02 ng/mL was independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated troponin T levels are common in patients with heart failure in clinical practice and are associated with increased mortality and events after one year of follow-up.

Vasculitis leucocitoclástica cutánea asociada a tuberculosis pulmonar / No disponible

No disponible